Python Data type

Python is a dynamically typed language, which means that the data type of a variable is determined automatically based on the value assigned to it. In Python, the most commonly used data types are:

Numeric Types: Numeric types include integers, floating-point numbers, and complex numbers. Integers are whole numbers, while floating-point numbers have decimal places. Complex numbers have a real and imaginary part.
```
# integer type
x = 10
print(type(x))  # Output: <class 'int'>

# float type
y = 3.14
print(type(y))  # Output: <class 'float'>

# complex type
z = 2 + 3j
print(type(z))  # Output: <class 'complex'>
```
Boolean Type: The Boolean type represents logical values True and False. Boolean values are often used in conditional statements and loops.
```
# boolean type
a = True
print(type(a))  # Output: <class 'bool'>

b = False
print(type(b))  # Output: <class 'bool'>
```

Strings: Strings are sequences of characters enclosed in single or double quotes. They are used to represent text data in Python.

# string type
name = "John"
print(type(name))  # Output: <class 'str'>

message = 'Hello, World!'
print(type(message))  # Output: <class 'str'>

Lists: Lists are ordered collections of items, which can be of any data type. They are created using square brackets [] and can be modified during the program execution.
```
# list type
my_list = [1, 2, 3, "apple", "banana"]
print(type(my_list))  # Output: <class 'list'>
```
Tuples: Tuples are similar to lists, but they are immutable, which means that once they are created, they cannot be modified.
```
# tuple type
my_tuple = (1, 2, 3, "apple", "banana")
print(type(my_tuple))  # Output: <class 'tuple'>
```
Sets: Sets are unordered collections of unique items. They are created using curly braces {} or the set() function.
```
# set type
my_set = {1, 2, 3, "apple", "banana"}
print(type(my_set))  # Output: <class 'set'>
```
Dictionaries: Dictionaries are collections of key-value pairs. Each value is associated with a unique key, which can be used to access the value.
```
# dictionary type
my_dict = {"name": "John", "age": 30, "city": "New York"}
print(type(my_dict))  # Output: <class 'dict'>
```
None Type: The None type represents the absence of a value. It is often used as a placeholder for variables that have not been assigned a value yet.
```
# none type
x = None
print(type(x))  # Output: <class 'NoneType'>
```

Python also has some built-in functions that can be used to convert data types. For example, the int() function can be used to convert a string to an integer, and the float() function can be used to convert a string to a floating-point number.

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